An Epitaph for Global Warming Hysteria
- themanintheseersuckersuit
- Posts: 7630
- Joined: Mon Oct 08, 2007 6:37 pm
- Location: South Carolina
Re: An Epitaph for Global Warming Hysteria
Before there were SUVs there was beer
Suitguy is not bitter.
feels he represents the many educated and rational onlookers who believe that the hysterical denouncement of lay scepticism is both unwarranted and counter-productive
The problem, then, is that such calls do not address an opposition audience so much as they signal virtue. They talk past those who need convincing. They ignore actual facts and counterargument. And they are irreparably smug.
feels he represents the many educated and rational onlookers who believe that the hysterical denouncement of lay scepticism is both unwarranted and counter-productive
The problem, then, is that such calls do not address an opposition audience so much as they signal virtue. They talk past those who need convincing. They ignore actual facts and counterargument. And they are irreparably smug.
- themanintheseersuckersuit
- Posts: 7630
- Joined: Mon Oct 08, 2007 6:37 pm
- Location: South Carolina
Re: An Epitaph for Global Warming Hysteria
http://www.breitbart.com/london/2016/07 ... n-vampire/
Britain’s New Prime Minister Drives A Stake Through The Heart Of The Green Vampire
Britain’s New Prime Minister Drives A Stake Through The Heart Of The Green Vampire
Suitguy is not bitter.
feels he represents the many educated and rational onlookers who believe that the hysterical denouncement of lay scepticism is both unwarranted and counter-productive
The problem, then, is that such calls do not address an opposition audience so much as they signal virtue. They talk past those who need convincing. They ignore actual facts and counterargument. And they are irreparably smug.
feels he represents the many educated and rational onlookers who believe that the hysterical denouncement of lay scepticism is both unwarranted and counter-productive
The problem, then, is that such calls do not address an opposition audience so much as they signal virtue. They talk past those who need convincing. They ignore actual facts and counterargument. And they are irreparably smug.
- themanintheseersuckersuit
- Posts: 7630
- Joined: Mon Oct 08, 2007 6:37 pm
- Location: South Carolina
Re: An Epitaph for Global Warming Hysteria
Change.org petition
https://www.change.org/p/remove-air-con ... t-property
https://www.change.org/p/remove-air-con ... t-property
Suitguy is not bitter.
feels he represents the many educated and rational onlookers who believe that the hysterical denouncement of lay scepticism is both unwarranted and counter-productive
The problem, then, is that such calls do not address an opposition audience so much as they signal virtue. They talk past those who need convincing. They ignore actual facts and counterargument. And they are irreparably smug.
feels he represents the many educated and rational onlookers who believe that the hysterical denouncement of lay scepticism is both unwarranted and counter-productive
The problem, then, is that such calls do not address an opposition audience so much as they signal virtue. They talk past those who need convincing. They ignore actual facts and counterargument. And they are irreparably smug.
-
- Posts: 4734
- Joined: Wed Oct 24, 2007 8:01 pm
Re: An Epitaph for Global Warming Hysteria
The book I chose for the California trip was Wallace Stegner's "Beyond the 100th Meridian." This is a biography of John Wesley Powell, and includes, not only a good description of the voyage down the Colorado, but his later years in Washington bureacracy when he argued that eastern US patterns of settlement would not work in the west because of the lack of moisture that defines the land west of the 100th meridian.
He tried to change settlement patterns to better fit watershed boundaries.
Good book and it highlights what was probably the main theme in Stegner's writing which is the cycles of drought that plague the west. Stegner was in his core writing years, maybe 60 years ago.
I also just read "All the Wild that Remains"-which was a dual biography of Stegner and Edward Abbey. As with many of the left-leaning environmental authors that I read, I make it a principle to check the book out of the library because I would not want to contribute to the capitalist system on their behalf-LOL.
A major theme of that book was Stegner's (I am less familiar with Abbey) view of the dryness that defines the west throughout history.
The author traveled through the west in 2012, which was a drought year, and I had to laugh at him because he kept blaming the 2012 drought on global warming. Keep in mind a major theme of his book (and Stegner, in general) is the persistent dryness of the west, but for some reason the 2012 drought was global warming related.
He tried to change settlement patterns to better fit watershed boundaries.
Good book and it highlights what was probably the main theme in Stegner's writing which is the cycles of drought that plague the west. Stegner was in his core writing years, maybe 60 years ago.
I also just read "All the Wild that Remains"-which was a dual biography of Stegner and Edward Abbey. As with many of the left-leaning environmental authors that I read, I make it a principle to check the book out of the library because I would not want to contribute to the capitalist system on their behalf-LOL.
A major theme of that book was Stegner's (I am less familiar with Abbey) view of the dryness that defines the west throughout history.
The author traveled through the west in 2012, which was a drought year, and I had to laugh at him because he kept blaming the 2012 drought on global warming. Keep in mind a major theme of his book (and Stegner, in general) is the persistent dryness of the west, but for some reason the 2012 drought was global warming related.
- Jeemie
- Posts: 7303
- Joined: Tue Oct 09, 2007 5:35 pm
- Location: City of Champions Once More (Well, in spirit)!!!!
Re: An Epitaph for Global Warming Hysteria
This logic is of course the same logic Young Earth Creationists use.Spock wrote:The book I chose for the California trip was Wallace Stegner's "Beyond the 100th Meridian." This is a biography of John Wesley Powell, and includes, not only a good description of the voyage down the Colorado, but his later years in Washington bureacracy when he argued that eastern US patterns of settlement would not work in the west because of the lack of moisture that defines the land west of the 100th meridian.
He tried to change settlement patterns to better fit watershed boundaries.
Good book and it highlights what was probably the main theme in Stegner's writing which is the cycles of drought that plague the west. Stegner was in his core writing years, maybe 60 years ago.
I also just read "All the Wild that Remains"-which was a dual biography of Stegner and Edward Abbey. As with many of the left-leaning environmental authors that I read, I make it a principle to check the book out of the library because I would not want to contribute to the capitalist system on their behalf-LOL.
A major theme of that book was Stegner's (I am less familiar with Abbey) view of the dryness that defines the west throughout history.
The author traveled through the west in 2012, which was a drought year, and I had to laugh at him because he kept blaming the 2012 drought on global warming. Keep in mind a major theme of his book (and Stegner, in general) is the persistent dryness of the west, but for some reason the 2012 drought was global warming related.
"Some canyons can form really fast (relatively speaking). Therefore, all canyons formed really fast, and the earth is only thousands, not billions, of years old".
Just because things happened in the past doesn't mean they happened for the same reasons.
Just because weather and climate have shown cycles before that weren't human-influenced doesn't mean the climate cycle now isn't human-influenced.
Not all similar effects have similar causes.
1979 City of Champions 2009
- Bob Juch
- Posts: 26991
- Joined: Mon Oct 08, 2007 11:58 am
- Location: Oro Valley, Arizona
- Contact:
Re: An Epitaph for Global Warming Hysteria
NASA: Melting Ice Sheets Is Changing How the Earth Rotates
http://www.ecowatch.com/nasa-melting-ic ... 80793.html
http://www.ecowatch.com/nasa-melting-ic ... 80793.html
I may not have gone where I intended to go, but I think I have ended up where I needed to be.
- Douglas Adams (1952 - 2001)
Si fractum non sit, noli id reficere.
Teach a child to be polite and courteous in the home and, when he grows up, he'll never be able to drive in New Jersey.
- Douglas Adams (1952 - 2001)
Si fractum non sit, noli id reficere.
Teach a child to be polite and courteous in the home and, when he grows up, he'll never be able to drive in New Jersey.
-
- Posts: 4734
- Joined: Wed Oct 24, 2007 8:01 pm
Re: An Epitaph for Global Warming Hysteria
>>>Just because weather and climate have shown cycles before that weren't human-influenced doesn't mean the climate cycle now isn't human-influenced.
Not all similar effects have similar causes.<<<<
When THE major characteristic of the west over time is persistent lack of moisture/prolonged drought cycles etc etc, to state that the moisture cycle of the past decade is due to a new cause should require special evidence other than simply saying so and making statements like-"With global warming, we Might be facing droughts like there were in the mid-1200's (or whatever date he stated-I don't remember exactly.
Not all similar effects have similar causes.<<<<
When THE major characteristic of the west over time is persistent lack of moisture/prolonged drought cycles etc etc, to state that the moisture cycle of the past decade is due to a new cause should require special evidence other than simply saying so and making statements like-"With global warming, we Might be facing droughts like there were in the mid-1200's (or whatever date he stated-I don't remember exactly.
- themanintheseersuckersuit
- Posts: 7630
- Joined: Mon Oct 08, 2007 6:37 pm
- Location: South Carolina
Re: An Epitaph for Global Warming Hysteria
Yes the usual suspects were outraged


Suitguy is not bitter.
feels he represents the many educated and rational onlookers who believe that the hysterical denouncement of lay scepticism is both unwarranted and counter-productive
The problem, then, is that such calls do not address an opposition audience so much as they signal virtue. They talk past those who need convincing. They ignore actual facts and counterargument. And they are irreparably smug.
feels he represents the many educated and rational onlookers who believe that the hysterical denouncement of lay scepticism is both unwarranted and counter-productive
The problem, then, is that such calls do not address an opposition audience so much as they signal virtue. They talk past those who need convincing. They ignore actual facts and counterargument. And they are irreparably smug.
- themanintheseersuckersuit
- Posts: 7630
- Joined: Mon Oct 08, 2007 6:37 pm
- Location: South Carolina
Re: An Epitaph for Global Warming Hysteria
http://bit.ly/2b8xF9o
Malia's asthma made climate change personal says President. I'm glad to know she is over it.
Malia's asthma made climate change personal says President. I'm glad to know she is over it.
Suitguy is not bitter.
feels he represents the many educated and rational onlookers who believe that the hysterical denouncement of lay scepticism is both unwarranted and counter-productive
The problem, then, is that such calls do not address an opposition audience so much as they signal virtue. They talk past those who need convincing. They ignore actual facts and counterargument. And they are irreparably smug.
feels he represents the many educated and rational onlookers who believe that the hysterical denouncement of lay scepticism is both unwarranted and counter-productive
The problem, then, is that such calls do not address an opposition audience so much as they signal virtue. They talk past those who need convincing. They ignore actual facts and counterargument. And they are irreparably smug.
- SportsFan68
- No Scritches!!!
- Posts: 21248
- Joined: Thu Oct 11, 2007 8:36 pm
- Location: God's Country
Re: An Epitaph for Global Warming Hysteria
I think you would like Apocalyptic Planet by Craig Childs.Spock wrote:The book I chose for the California trip was Wallace Stegner's "Beyond the 100th Meridian." This is a biography of John Wesley Powell, and includes, not only a good description of the voyage down the Colorado, but his later years in Washington bureacracy when he argued that eastern US patterns of settlement would not work in the west because of the lack of moisture that defines the land west of the 100th meridian.
He tried to change settlement patterns to better fit watershed boundaries.
Good book and it highlights what was probably the main theme in Stegner's writing which is the cycles of drought that plague the west. Stegner was in his core writing years, maybe 60 years ago.
I also just read "All the Wild that Remains"-which was a dual biography of Stegner and Edward Abbey. As with many of the left-leaning environmental authors that I read, I make it a principle to check the book out of the library because I would not want to contribute to the capitalist system on their behalf-LOL.
A major theme of that book was Stegner's (I am less familiar with Abbey) view of the dryness that defines the west throughout history.
The author traveled through the west in 2012, which was a drought year, and I had to laugh at him because he kept blaming the 2012 drought on global warming. Keep in mind a major theme of his book (and Stegner, in general) is the persistent dryness of the west, but for some reason the 2012 drought was global warming related.
-- In Iroquois society, leaders are encouraged to remember seven generations in the past and consider seven generations in the future when making decisions that affect the people.
-- America would be a better place if leaders would do more long-term thinking. -- Wilma Mankiller
-- America would be a better place if leaders would do more long-term thinking. -- Wilma Mankiller
- themanintheseersuckersuit
- Posts: 7630
- Joined: Mon Oct 08, 2007 6:37 pm
- Location: South Carolina
Re: An Epitaph for Global Warming Hysteria
That time I linked to Cosmo
http://www.cosmopolitan.com/lifestyle/a ... ths-signs/
http://www.cosmopolitan.com/lifestyle/a ... ths-signs/
Suitguy is not bitter.
feels he represents the many educated and rational onlookers who believe that the hysterical denouncement of lay scepticism is both unwarranted and counter-productive
The problem, then, is that such calls do not address an opposition audience so much as they signal virtue. They talk past those who need convincing. They ignore actual facts and counterargument. And they are irreparably smug.
feels he represents the many educated and rational onlookers who believe that the hysterical denouncement of lay scepticism is both unwarranted and counter-productive
The problem, then, is that such calls do not address an opposition audience so much as they signal virtue. They talk past those who need convincing. They ignore actual facts and counterargument. And they are irreparably smug.
- themanintheseersuckersuit
- Posts: 7630
- Joined: Mon Oct 08, 2007 6:37 pm
- Location: South Carolina
Re: An Epitaph for Global Warming Hysteria
Suitguy is not bitter.
feels he represents the many educated and rational onlookers who believe that the hysterical denouncement of lay scepticism is both unwarranted and counter-productive
The problem, then, is that such calls do not address an opposition audience so much as they signal virtue. They talk past those who need convincing. They ignore actual facts and counterargument. And they are irreparably smug.
feels he represents the many educated and rational onlookers who believe that the hysterical denouncement of lay scepticism is both unwarranted and counter-productive
The problem, then, is that such calls do not address an opposition audience so much as they signal virtue. They talk past those who need convincing. They ignore actual facts and counterargument. And they are irreparably smug.
- themanintheseersuckersuit
- Posts: 7630
- Joined: Mon Oct 08, 2007 6:37 pm
- Location: South Carolina
Re: An Epitaph for Global Warming Hysteria
Suitguy is not bitter.
feels he represents the many educated and rational onlookers who believe that the hysterical denouncement of lay scepticism is both unwarranted and counter-productive
The problem, then, is that such calls do not address an opposition audience so much as they signal virtue. They talk past those who need convincing. They ignore actual facts and counterargument. And they are irreparably smug.
feels he represents the many educated and rational onlookers who believe that the hysterical denouncement of lay scepticism is both unwarranted and counter-productive
The problem, then, is that such calls do not address an opposition audience so much as they signal virtue. They talk past those who need convincing. They ignore actual facts and counterargument. And they are irreparably smug.
- BackInTex
- Posts: 13438
- Joined: Mon Oct 08, 2007 12:43 pm
- Location: In Texas of course!
Re: An Epitaph for Global Warming Hysteria
Antarctic Sea Ice Has Not Shrunk In 100 Years
Antarctic sea ice had barely changed from where it was 100 years ago, scientists have discovered, after pouring over the logbooks of great polar explorers such as Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton. Experts were concerned that ice at the South Pole had declined significantly since the 1950s, which they feared was driven by man-made climate change. But new analysis suggests that conditions are now virtually identical to when the Terra Nova and Endurance sailed to the continent in the early 1900s, indicating that declines are part of a natural cycle and not the result of global warming.
..what country can preserve it’s liberties if their rulers are not warned from time to time that their people preserve the spirit of resistance? let them take arms.
~~ Thomas Jefferson
War is where the government tells you who the bad guy is.
Revolution is when you decide that for yourself.
-- Benjamin Franklin (maybe)
~~ Thomas Jefferson
War is where the government tells you who the bad guy is.
Revolution is when you decide that for yourself.
-- Benjamin Franklin (maybe)
- Estonut
- Evil Genius
- Posts: 10495
- Joined: Sat Oct 13, 2007 1:16 am
- Location: Garden Grove, CA
Re: An Epitaph for Global Warming Hysteria
I wonder what they were pouring over the logbooks...BackInTex wrote:Antarctic Sea Ice Has Not Shrunk In 100 Years
Antarctic sea ice had barely changed from where it was 100 years ago, scientists have discovered, after pouring over the logbooks of great polar explorers such as Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton. Experts were concerned that ice at the South Pole had declined significantly since the 1950s, which they feared was driven by man-made climate change. But new analysis suggests that conditions are now virtually identical to when the Terra Nova and Endurance sailed to the continent in the early 1900s, indicating that declines are part of a natural cycle and not the result of global warming.
A child of five would understand this. Send someone to fetch a child of five.
Groucho Marx
Groucho Marx
- themanintheseersuckersuit
- Posts: 7630
- Joined: Mon Oct 08, 2007 6:37 pm
- Location: South Carolina
Re: An Epitaph for Global Warming Hysteria

Suitguy is not bitter.
feels he represents the many educated and rational onlookers who believe that the hysterical denouncement of lay scepticism is both unwarranted and counter-productive
The problem, then, is that such calls do not address an opposition audience so much as they signal virtue. They talk past those who need convincing. They ignore actual facts and counterargument. And they are irreparably smug.
feels he represents the many educated and rational onlookers who believe that the hysterical denouncement of lay scepticism is both unwarranted and counter-productive
The problem, then, is that such calls do not address an opposition audience so much as they signal virtue. They talk past those who need convincing. They ignore actual facts and counterargument. And they are irreparably smug.
- Bob Juch
- Posts: 26991
- Joined: Mon Oct 08, 2007 11:58 am
- Location: Oro Valley, Arizona
- Contact:
Re: An Epitaph for Global Warming Hysteria
Wow, it's so warm that penguins are vacationing there!themanintheseersuckersuit wrote:
I may not have gone where I intended to go, but I think I have ended up where I needed to be.
- Douglas Adams (1952 - 2001)
Si fractum non sit, noli id reficere.
Teach a child to be polite and courteous in the home and, when he grows up, he'll never be able to drive in New Jersey.
- Douglas Adams (1952 - 2001)
Si fractum non sit, noli id reficere.
Teach a child to be polite and courteous in the home and, when he grows up, he'll never be able to drive in New Jersey.
- themanintheseersuckersuit
- Posts: 7630
- Joined: Mon Oct 08, 2007 6:37 pm
- Location: South Carolina
Re: An Epitaph for Global Warming Hysteria
Scott Adams weighs in
http://blog.dilbert.com/post/1540824160 ... ge-science
Stephen McIntyre comments
http://blog.dilbert.com/post/1540824160 ... 3038731603
http://blog.dilbert.com/post/1540824160 ... ge-science
Stephen McIntyre comments
http://blog.dilbert.com/post/1540824160 ... 3038731603
Suitguy is not bitter.
feels he represents the many educated and rational onlookers who believe that the hysterical denouncement of lay scepticism is both unwarranted and counter-productive
The problem, then, is that such calls do not address an opposition audience so much as they signal virtue. They talk past those who need convincing. They ignore actual facts and counterargument. And they are irreparably smug.
feels he represents the many educated and rational onlookers who believe that the hysterical denouncement of lay scepticism is both unwarranted and counter-productive
The problem, then, is that such calls do not address an opposition audience so much as they signal virtue. They talk past those who need convincing. They ignore actual facts and counterargument. And they are irreparably smug.
- mrkelley23
- Posts: 6492
- Joined: Mon Oct 08, 2007 6:48 pm
- Location: Somewhere between Bureaucracy and Despair
Re: An Epitaph for Global Warming Hysteria
I"m glad that Adams admits he's not an expert, because he says so many factually wrong things that I couldn't even finish the article. Disinformation doesn't help, and often hurts. I think I understand what he's trying to say, but then he runs scientific consensus and appeals to authority together, and treats them as if they are identical. Kind of like the people who say evolution is "just a theory."themanintheseersuckersuit wrote:Scott Adams weighs in
http://blog.dilbert.com/post/1540824160 ... ge-science
Stephen McIntyre comments
http://blog.dilbert.com/post/1540824160 ... 3038731603
For a successful technology, reality must take precedence over public relations, for Nature cannot be fooled. -- Richard Feynman
- Bob Juch
- Posts: 26991
- Joined: Mon Oct 08, 2007 11:58 am
- Location: Oro Valley, Arizona
- Contact:
Re: An Epitaph for Global Warming Hysteria
Note to Breitbart: Earth Is Not Cooling, Climate Change Is Real and Please Stop Using Our Video to Mislead Americans
https://weather.com/news/news/breitbart ... ate-change
https://weather.com/news/news/breitbart ... ate-change
I may not have gone where I intended to go, but I think I have ended up where I needed to be.
- Douglas Adams (1952 - 2001)
Si fractum non sit, noli id reficere.
Teach a child to be polite and courteous in the home and, when he grows up, he'll never be able to drive in New Jersey.
- Douglas Adams (1952 - 2001)
Si fractum non sit, noli id reficere.
Teach a child to be polite and courteous in the home and, when he grows up, he'll never be able to drive in New Jersey.
- themanintheseersuckersuit
- Posts: 7630
- Joined: Mon Oct 08, 2007 6:37 pm
- Location: South Carolina
Re: An Epitaph for Global Warming Hysteria
http://www.breitbart.com/big-government ... te-change/Bob Juch wrote:Note to Breitbart: Earth Is Not Cooling, Climate Change Is Real and Please Stop Using Our Video to Mislead Americans
https://weather.com/news/news/breitbart ... ate-change
Suitguy is not bitter.
feels he represents the many educated and rational onlookers who believe that the hysterical denouncement of lay scepticism is both unwarranted and counter-productive
The problem, then, is that such calls do not address an opposition audience so much as they signal virtue. They talk past those who need convincing. They ignore actual facts and counterargument. And they are irreparably smug.
feels he represents the many educated and rational onlookers who believe that the hysterical denouncement of lay scepticism is both unwarranted and counter-productive
The problem, then, is that such calls do not address an opposition audience so much as they signal virtue. They talk past those who need convincing. They ignore actual facts and counterargument. And they are irreparably smug.
- Bob Juch
- Posts: 26991
- Joined: Mon Oct 08, 2007 11:58 am
- Location: Oro Valley, Arizona
- Contact:
Re: An Epitaph for Global Warming Hysteria
themanintheseersuckersuit wrote:http://www.breitbart.com/big-government ... te-change/Bob Juch wrote:Note to Breitbart: Earth Is Not Cooling, Climate Change Is Real and Please Stop Using Our Video to Mislead Americans
https://weather.com/news/news/breitbart ... ate-change

I may not have gone where I intended to go, but I think I have ended up where I needed to be.
- Douglas Adams (1952 - 2001)
Si fractum non sit, noli id reficere.
Teach a child to be polite and courteous in the home and, when he grows up, he'll never be able to drive in New Jersey.
- Douglas Adams (1952 - 2001)
Si fractum non sit, noli id reficere.
Teach a child to be polite and courteous in the home and, when he grows up, he'll never be able to drive in New Jersey.
- elwoodblues
- Posts: 3704
- Joined: Mon Nov 12, 2007 2:36 pm
- Location: Texas
Re: An Epitaph for Global Warming Hysteria
Breitbart? Seriously?themanintheseersuckersuit wrote:http://www.breitbart.com/big-government ... te-change/Bob Juch wrote:Note to Breitbart: Earth Is Not Cooling, Climate Change Is Real and Please Stop Using Our Video to Mislead Americans
https://weather.com/news/news/breitbart ... ate-change
- themanintheseersuckersuit
- Posts: 7630
- Joined: Mon Oct 08, 2007 6:37 pm
- Location: South Carolina
Re: An Epitaph for Global Warming Hysteria
YES! Breibart London and James Delingpole specifically and you expect me to take The Weather Channel seriouslyelwoodblues wrote:[
Breitbart? Seriously?
Suitguy is not bitter.
feels he represents the many educated and rational onlookers who believe that the hysterical denouncement of lay scepticism is both unwarranted and counter-productive
The problem, then, is that such calls do not address an opposition audience so much as they signal virtue. They talk past those who need convincing. They ignore actual facts and counterargument. And they are irreparably smug.
feels he represents the many educated and rational onlookers who believe that the hysterical denouncement of lay scepticism is both unwarranted and counter-productive
The problem, then, is that such calls do not address an opposition audience so much as they signal virtue. They talk past those who need convincing. They ignore actual facts and counterargument. And they are irreparably smug.
- themanintheseersuckersuit
- Posts: 7630
- Joined: Mon Oct 08, 2007 6:37 pm
- Location: South Carolina
Re: An Epitaph for Global Warming Hysteria
Suitguy is not bitter.
feels he represents the many educated and rational onlookers who believe that the hysterical denouncement of lay scepticism is both unwarranted and counter-productive
The problem, then, is that such calls do not address an opposition audience so much as they signal virtue. They talk past those who need convincing. They ignore actual facts and counterargument. And they are irreparably smug.
feels he represents the many educated and rational onlookers who believe that the hysterical denouncement of lay scepticism is both unwarranted and counter-productive
The problem, then, is that such calls do not address an opposition audience so much as they signal virtue. They talk past those who need convincing. They ignore actual facts and counterargument. And they are irreparably smug.